8.10. The Quota System for Hard Drive Space
First we need some additional packages, install them with apt-get install quota quotatool
tjener:~# apt-get install quota quotatool --simulate tjener:~# apt-get install quota quotatool
Then we must umount the partition we want to apply quota on
tjener:~# umount /skole/tjener/home0/
 | If you are using a 2-4-kernel, and not a 2.6-kernel, see booting with 2.6, you must manually insert the necessary module modprobe quota_v2 tjener:~# modprobe quota_v2 Warning: loading /lib/modules/2.4.27-2-386/kernel/fs/quota_v2.o will taint the kernel: no license See http://www.tux.org/lkml/#export-tainted for information about tainted modules Module quota_v2 loaded, with warningsYou should add it to the file /etc/modules, so that it gets loaded automatically at boot, echo "quota_v2" >> /etc/modules |
You might have to stopping nfs first, see resizing home0
You could probably also just run
mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /skole/tjener/home0/
Then we must mark that partition in /etc/fstab as having quotas, modify the home0-line so it looks like:
/dev/vg_data/lv_home0 /skole/tjener/home0 ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 2
Then we may mount /skole/tjener/home0
tjener:~# mount /skole/tjener/home0/
Then we create the quota database files, and give the appropriate permissions
tjener:~# touch /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.user tjener:~# touch /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.group tjener:~# chmod 600 /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.user tjener:~# chmod 600 /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.group
See that they have zero-size
tjener:~# ls -lh /skole/tjener/home0/aquota* -rw------- 1 root root 0 2005-12-09 15:54 /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.group -rw------- 1 root root 0 2005-12-09 15:54 /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.user
Now we populate the database files, and notice afterward that they no longer are of zerosize
tjener:~# quotacheck -avug quotacheck: WARNING - Quotafile /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.user was probably truncated. Can't save quota settings... quotacheck: WARNING - Quotafile /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.group was probably truncated. Can't save quota settings... quotacheck: Scanning /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_home0 [/skole/tjener/home0] done quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 3 files tjener:~# ls -lh /skole/tjener/home0/aquota* -rw------- 1 root root 32 2005-12-09 15:54 /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.group -rw------- 1 root root 32 2005-12-09 15:54 /skole/tjener/home0/aquota.user
| Note that if you have lots of data on /skole/tjener/home0, the scanning process might take a long time. |
Then we activate quotas
tjener:~# quotaon -a
We still haven't given any users any quotas, but we may see what they are using
tjener:~# repquota /skole/tjener/home0
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_home0
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ronja -- 7764 0 0 569 0 0
henrik -- 8328 0 0 569 0 0
anna -- 13232 0 0 684 0 0
agnes -- 7860 0 0 563 0 0
kristof -- 7856 0 0 606 0 0
matthias -- 11044 0 0 668 0 0
sven -- 14848 0 0 650 0 0
gustav -- 8360 0 0 608 0 0
eli -- 10412 0 0 678 0 0
anna -- 7972 0 0 565 0 0
linemar -- 7804 0 0 564 0 0
marcus -- 15344 0 0 719 0 0
karl -- 7244 0 0 570 0 0
regine -- 9700 0 0 700 0 0
Now we are ready to put some quotas on our users. First we setup quotas for one user, then we use those settings for all our other users.
Lets setup for the user klaus, like this:
EDITOR=nano edquota -u klaus
This will use the well-known editor nano for setting up the quota.
Disk quotas for user klaus (uid 10011):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_home0 5252 6252 7252 275 0 0
[ Read 3 lines ]
^G Get Help ^O WriteOut ^R Read File ^Y Prev Page ^K Cut Text ^C Cur Pos
^X Exit ^J Justify ^W Where Is ^V Next Page ^U UnCut Txt ^T To Spell
Once you are done setting up quotas for one user, in this case the user klaus, you use the command
edquota -p klaus someone
This will give the user with the username someone the same quota as the user klaus.There is also a Webmin module available for quotas.
apt-get install webmin-quota
The new Webmin quota-module is available in the "System"-section of Webmin, same place as the ldap-user-module. The url is Webmin Disk Quotas This is the Webmin disk quota icon, found under Systems
8.10.1. Stopping the File .xsession-error From Filling up Your Entire Hard Drive
Sometimes a program can get very troublesome and start writing enormous amount of error messages to the file .xsession-errors in a user's home directory. Some programs, especially GIMP, are fully capable in the space of only a few minutes of creating such a large .xsession-errors file that the whole hard drive gets full. So, everything stops working. Then the root user has to go in to the main server and find that file and delete it. This is not exactly what you want to do on a regular schoolday.
So, even if such error message files as .xessions-errors are surely useful to have when you need to diagnose a problem, they are really more of a hassle in the schoolday. So, you need to get rid of it. You can do this by redirecting all messages that would otherwise be written to this file, right into the waste bin /dev/null
By changing a few lines in the file /etc/X11/Xsession set a comment symbol(#) in front of these lines, in this way:
#ERRFILE=$HOME/.xsession-errors&&
#
## attempt to create an error file; abort if we cannot
#if touch "$ERRFILE" 2> /dev/null && [ -w "$ERRFILE" ] &&
# [ ! -L "$ERRFILE" ]; then
# chmod 600 "$ERRFILE"
#elif ERRFILE=$(tempfile 2> /dev/null); then
# if ! ln -sf "$ERRFILE" "${TMPDIR:=/tmp}/xsession-$USER"; then
# message "warning: unable to symlink \"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER\" to" \
# "\"$ERRFILE\"; look for session log/errors in" \
# "\"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER\"."
# fi
#else
# errormsg "unable to create X session log/error file; aborting."
#fi
#
#exec >>"$ERRFILE" 2>&1
And set in these two lines instead:
errfile="/dev/null" exec > "$errfile" 2>&1Now you don't need to be afraid that .xsession-errors will fill up your entire hard drive.