# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2001-02-09 01:25+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: application/x-xml2pot; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING\n" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:12 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "ICT administration manual for Skolelinux" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:20 #, no-c-format #. Tag: author msgid "VibekeBraaten" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:24 #, no-c-format #. Tag: author msgid "ChristianJuell" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:28 #, no-c-format #. Tag: author msgid "Tor HaraldNordnes" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:32 #, no-c-format #. Tag: author msgid "TrulsTeigen" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:38 #, no-c-format #. Tag: holder msgid "Vibeke Braaten, Christian Juell, Tor Harald Nordnes and Truls Teigen" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:40 #, no-c-format #. Tag: remark msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:43 #, no-c-format #. Tag: remark msgid "The document has subsequently been revised by, among others, Klaus Ade Johnstad, Petter Reinholdtsen and Harald Thingelstad." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:51 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3377 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:56 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Skolelinux background" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:60 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A voluntary communal effort was started in the summer of 2001 to make free software available for schools. This collaborative project has a twofold objective. On the one hand, the project aims at reducing the schools' software budgets. On the other, the project will offer software which meets the official requirements for electronic tools in Norwegian schools." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:64 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The project leader and pioneer for Skolelinux is Knut Yrvin. About 30 other computer savvy persons have, without compensation, used their spare time to develop free software in order to create a Skolelinux distribution. Things needing adjustment include language so that all programs are in Bokmaal, Nynorsk and Sami , technical issues, and setup configuration to ensure the proper working of applications and services." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:74 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It should be obvious from the name Skolelinux (Linux for Schools) that the software is based on Linux, which is open source or free software. This makes it possible for users and developers to modify and re-publish the source code. Such open licenses also makes it possible to translate applications to any desired language, as well as tailor the distribution to the needs of schools." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:78 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The suite of programs consists of user software for workstations, services and server software. The expression ``server'' is often used in this connection. The collection of applications and services will be put together according to what is needed in order to offer pupils the electronic tools they require, and what is needed to run a network in an efficient manner." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:88 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The Skolelinux project is not aimed at competing with other suppliers in the market, but will be a solid and cheap alternative to current systems. It achieves this in part because Linux will function on hardware old enough to not support other up-to-date systems. Linux is cost effective, both with regard to hardware requirements and the cost of software." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:92 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Computer software changes rapidly, and pupils should be able to handle the software they will encounter in school and at work for many years to come. Therefore, it is important for the pupils to become able to make use of electronic tools in general, not just learn recepies for handling specific applications by heart." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:96 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Large sections of the IT industry now agrees that open software such as Linux will form a common foundation for the majority of the tools that are used. There's simply a limit to how many times one will agree to pay for the very same basic tools that one has been using for years. It thus seems fairly certain that pupils will reencounter free, recyclable software at later points in their lives." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:100 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The Skolelinux distribution also meets the requirements of the Norwegian Fiberskolen (fiber networks in schools) project, which aims to give all schools access to broadband networks." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:106 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Guide to the ICT administration manual" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:110 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This book has been made specifically by the Skolelinux project to assist the system administrator.It should be of help in getting to know various packages and services included in the software suite. Knowing what the different parts are, and where they are, simplifies administration, maintenance and securing of the system." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:114 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This book requires no more than basic knowledge of computers, i.e. the reader should have some experience using a computer, and know the difference between a mouse and a keyboard. As all applications and services are new to most people, we will take you carefully through a test installation. This is followed by a description of software packages that are worth knowing about, particularly on the server side." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:118 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This book is meant to be a howto for getting started with the installation and configuration of the Skolelinux distribution. It also deals with how to administer and maintain the system. First and foremost, it is an introduction to Skolelinux which will help a system administrator in the initial phase." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:124 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Parts of the book" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:128 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We have chosen to divide the book into two parts:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:134 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Installation and configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:140 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "System Overview" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:147 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It is very important for this book to be written in an understandable manner, so that the switch from other systems will be as smooth as possible. If there is any information here that you feel is unclear, or which is missing from the book, please contact us at linuxiskolen@skolelinux.no, and we will look into it." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:154 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Installation and configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:159 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You can choose different profiles while installation." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:165 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Main-Server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:166 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We describe here, how to install the skolelinux main server." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:170 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Installing the main server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:171 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The central network services run on the main server. This computer can be located anywhere, for example in the basement. The services that are usually run on the main server include DNS, DHCP, CUPS, user files via NFS, and the user data via LDAP." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:174 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Requirements:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:177 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Hard disk space: 3 GB for the basic installation plus enough space for the user's files (for example XXX MB for each user)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:181 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "The installation, step by step:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:182 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The computer should be able to boot from the CD-Rom. If this is not possible you will need to have a Skolelinux floppy boot disk." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:187 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Check the BIOS boot sequence settings. If necessary change the settings so that the BIOS will boot from the CD-ROM first. If the BIOS does not allow the computer to boot from the CD-ROM drive, you will need to obtain or make a set of Skolelinux boot floppies (2 floppy disks)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:193 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Put the current Skolelinuc installation CD-ROM in the CD drive and boot the computer. The computer will then boot into the Skolelinux installation program." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:199 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Choose a Language" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:203 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Use the keys \"arrow up\" or \"arrow down\" to choose the line with your language." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:207 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Use 'Enter' to accept the choice and to move on to the next step." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:211 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You can observe the Skolelinux installer files being loaded." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:217 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Choose the \"Skolelinux Profile\"" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:220 IKT-bok.en.sgml:223 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Read the Explanation of the Skolelinux Profile choices" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:226 IKT-bok.en.sgml:238 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "\"Continue\" with 'Enter'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:229 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Choose the profile Main server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:232 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "With \"arrow up\" or \"arrow down\" mark your choice, with the space key choose (place an \"x\" before) your profile, for example" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:235 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "[x] Main-Server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:241 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You can observe the kernel modules being loaded." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:244 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Choose to \"Automatically partition hard drives\"" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:247 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Here you have two choices. Yes will automatically partition the hard disk. No will allow you to manually chose the sizes for the variouis partitions. BE VERY CAREFUL. Choosing \"Yes\", the automatic method, will delete EVERYTHING that is on your hard disk. Before choosing \"Yes\" be sure that there is no necessary data on the hard disk." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:250 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The simple choice is \"Yes\" 'Enter'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:253 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The hard disk will now be partitioned and Skolelinux files will be copied to and installed onto the hard disk. This will take some time." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:256 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You can now \"Finish the installation and reboot\"" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:259 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The CD will be ejected and the computer will need to be rebooted. Be sure that all cd's and floppy's have been removed from the computer before the reboot takes place." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:262 IKT-bok.en.sgml:282 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Continue with 'Enter'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:268 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Before the reboot takes place, enter the BIOS and change the boot sequence so that the comupter will boot from the hard disk first. Then continue the boot process." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:275 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Password Setup" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:278 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Please read the information about password setup ver carefully. Before you enter the root account's password you should be careful to define a useful and secure password. (Currently it is difficult to change this password.) This password allows full access to the server including LDAP access." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:286 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter the root password." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:290 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Repeat the password to verify it." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:294 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Additional program packages need to be installed and the system needs to be configured." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:301 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "\"Configuring\" the system" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:304 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Return the Skolelinux installation CD-ROM to the cd drive." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:307 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'Enter' to continue." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:310 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Additional program packages will now be automatically installed and configured. This may take a long time." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:313 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "After the packages are in stalled the CD-ROM will be ejected." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:318 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The basic installation of Skolelinux is now finished. You will now be presented with the login prompt \"login\" and can login as root with the root password." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:326 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Workstation" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:327 IKT-bok.en.sgml:332 IKT-bok.en.sgml:339 IKT-bok.en.sgml:346 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "FIXME" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:331 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Thin-Client-Server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:338 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Standalone" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:345 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Standalone-Extras" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:352 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Integrated Main and Terminal Server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:356 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The objective of this chapter is to provide a step-by-step description of how a test installation of Skolelinux should be carried out, so that you, the system administrator, will encounter as few problems as possible. The installation itself is constructed along a cake model, where each slice of the cake is a part of the complete test system. Each slice is made up of smaller parts, an each part is described in detail. When all the slices are put together, a complete cake emerges, and we have reached our goal of having a functioning and user-friendly system." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:361 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "List of equipment for the test installation" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:365 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Before we start out making the cake, it is important that we have all necessary ingredients. Without these, it will be hard to follow the recipe. The main ingredients are:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:371 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1 Server computer" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:377 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "2 Thin client computers" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:383 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1 Workstation computer" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:389 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1 Printer" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:395 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1 HUB or switch" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:402 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "5 Network cables" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:408 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "one twisted pair crosslink cable (tp) Twisted Pair. The wires in the cable are twisted together in pairs in order to dampen the noise from other electrical equipment. for debugging" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:420 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1 Existing connection to the internet (and possiby other networks)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:426 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1 Skolelinux distribution" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:432 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "There are three different types of computers on this list. The reason for this is that they have different hardware specifications, with regard to CPU speed, memory size and type of harddrive. The server should be a relatively powerful machine, exactly _how_ powerful depends on exactly what tasks it is actually meant to fulfill. In this case the server computer will be used as a thin client server, so the specifications depend on how many thin clients it will be serving." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:436 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The workstation does not need to be as powerful as the Thinclient Server. But it should have sufficient capacity, as all processing is done locally on this computer, just like on an ordinary PC. The thin clients have even less need for power, as they will exploit the server's memory (RAM) and storage capacity (harddrive)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:440 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "For the network which takes care of the communication between the machines, network cables are needed, as well as a hub or router. Hubs and routers are traffic controllers that make sure more than two machines can stay in touch with each other." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:444 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "There is also a need for a connection to the internet and any other outside networks that are to be used. This could be through an ISDN router, and ADSL router, a fixed broadband connection etc." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:449 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Hardware specifications" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:453 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We would like to say something about minumum specifications for the various computers and other equipment. Also known as ``hardware'' . In general, it pays to use better equipment than what is specified as the minimum requirements for a test installation. If we focus on the computers, they should all have" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:465 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "pci/agp type video card" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:471 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "pci type network card" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:477 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "floppy disk drive , monitor" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:483 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Keyboard and mouse" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:489 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In addition, the thin client server computer has to have two network cards, preferably two different ones." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:495 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Minmum requirements for a thin client server serving up to 4 thin clients are:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:501 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Processor: 300MHz," msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:507 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Memory (RAM) : 256 MiB" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:513 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Harddrive: 2 GiB + 2 times the amount of RAM" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:519 IKT-bok.en.sgml:547 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "CD-ROM" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:525 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If more than 4 thin clients are to be served, the computer must be upgraded." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:529 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A workstation should at least have:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:535 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Processor: 150 MHz" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:541 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Memory: 64 MiB" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:553 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Minimum requirements for a thin client machine:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:559 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Processor: 80 MHz" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:565 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Memory: 24 MiB" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:571 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "pci/agp type video card is not necessary" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:577 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "An isa type network card is ok (but NOT recommended!), e.g. 3com509" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:583 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The minimum specifications for a HUB are:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:589 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Speed: 10 Mb/s" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:595 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Ports: 4" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:601 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now that we have been through the computer requirements, what remains is the printer, network cables and existing connections. The printer should be a normal printer, the network cables should fit the network cards and the HUB. We assume there is an existing network at the site, which the system should be tested against." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:605 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We are now done with the requirements for conducting a test installation of the Skolelinux distribution, and will proceed to the installation itself." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:612 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Installation of thin client server profile" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:616 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The first slice of this cake of ours is to get Skolelinux installed on a server for the thin clients." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:620 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The requirements listed above represent the absolute lower limit for hardware to be able to run the Skolelinux server. It really pays to use a machine with somewhat better specifications, to avoid capacity problems. And if the thin clients and the server are to have internet access, the server must have two network cards. Before you start installing, you connect the cable from the existing network to the upper of the two network cards. It is also important to remember that the installation is going to ERASE everything on your harddrive, so if there's anything there you'd like to keep, now is the last time to make a backup of your data." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:625 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "BIOS" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:629 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Start the computer and enter the Basic Input Output System, BIOS. Instructions on how to enter BIOS are displayed on your screen just after booting. The command for this varies between suppliers, but the most common ones use the DELETE,F1 or F2 keys. A standard message is: 'To enter setup press: 'F1'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:633 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now that you are in the BIOS, you must set the computer's BOOT sequence to start from CD-ROM. Then you save your changes and end the BIOS setup." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:637 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you are not able to start the machine from the CD-ROM player, you will have to use floppy disks. There are different floppies, depending on the reasonn you cannot start the installation directly from CD-ROM. You find them on the Skolelinux CD in the install-directory. There you will also find the program rawrite2.exe, which you need to make these floppy disks from an MS Windows machine." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:642 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Normally, the machine can boot from CD-ROM, but is not able to do so with Skolelinux" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:646 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Make a start floppy from the file sbm.bin. On a linux/unix computer you do the following as root:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:651 #, no-c-format #. Tag: command msgid "dd if=/cdrom/install/sbm.bin of=/dev/fd0 'enter'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:654 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "On an MS Windows machine you doubleclick on rawrite2.exe, and type" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:658 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "sbm.bin 'enter'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:662 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "and then" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:666 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "a: 'enter'." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:670 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You can start the installation from this floppy disk . Later, when installing the packages, you will have access to the Skolelinux CD." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:676 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "The computer is not able to boot from CD-ROM" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:680 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In this case, you need to make two floppies,root.bin and rescue.bin. You can find these files in the same place as mentioned in section , and you make them in the same way, too. The procedure for installing this way is to start out with root.bin, and then follow the instructions on the screen." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:687 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Installation from CD" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:691 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "After the BIOS is correctly configured, you can insert the CD in the machine and restart it. Now the installation process begin." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:695 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "There are two questions you have to decide on during the installation: What language will be the standard for the users of the computer, and what the function of the machine will be." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:698 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "There are four function options:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:704 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:710 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "LTSP-server (thin client server)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:716 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Workstation" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:722 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Standalone for home use" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:728 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "All of these may be combined, but there shall only be _one_ server on a network in a Skolelinux installation." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:732 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Follow the instructions on the screen. Remember that you will be installing a thin client server on the machine, so that you may connect thin clients to it later." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:736 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We will go through what is to be done step-by-step." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:742 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What should be at the top of the menu field is indicated in bold." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:748 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "how the Skolelinux CD should be installed. The description here may deviate somewhat from your experience, depending on the make of your computer." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:752 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In the following guidelines, the first part consist of a point in the text at the top of the screen. The next parts are the choices we have inserted in sequence. Comments to aid the readers has been added in parentheses." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:756 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "First part of the installation (debian-installer)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:762 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Boot from CD. Push [enter] at the 'boot:' prompt, and wait for a menu with two options to appear." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:768 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select the locale for the language and region you whish to use as standard." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:774 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select what package profiles should be installed on the computer.The chosen package profiles are marked (selected). The choice of profile controls the partitioning and installation of packages." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:780 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Answer 'yes' ([enter]) to the question of whether it is OK to lose all data on the harddrive. This choice will _REMOVE ALL DATA ON ALL HARDDRIVES ON THE MACHINE_!! Answer 'no' if you are not prepared to lose all data on the computer's harddrives." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:786 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Answer 'Continue' when asked to remove the CD and prepare the machine for boot from hard disk." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:792 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Second part of the installation (base-config)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:798 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Fix any BIOS setups so that the machine boots from the harddrive." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:804 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Read and understand the information regarding root password (system administrator's password).Enter desired root password twice." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:810 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Follow the request to replace the CD that was removed for boot from CD, and push [enter]." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:816 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Wait for information that the installation was successful, alternatively first a message that some things went wrong, followed by the confirmation that the installation was successful. Push [enter] to proceed." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:822 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The installation should now be finished, and everything set up to work out-of-the-box." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:826 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Log in as 'root' (system administrator), and enter the password you gave during installation." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:829 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If the graphical login is not displayed, it can be started by entering /etc/init.d/kdm restart at the command prompt (followed by [enter]). If the monitor is not able to synchronize, you are returned to the text based shell. Try changing the X configuration by writing dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xfree86." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:836 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Some initial system administraton" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:840 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Webmin is used for administering and setting up the computer. This is the tool used for adjusting network functionality, keeping track of users and a host of other tasks." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:844 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now we are going to connect to Webmin for the first time, take a peek at it, and add a few new users for the test installation. Further used of Webmin and creation of many users, e.g. a set of classes, will be described later." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:849 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Responsibility and risk" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:853 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Warning: The root user account, which was created during installation, is the only user that is capable of modifying all of the system. This entails the power of doing whatever you want, but also brings with it great responsibility. When you're working as root, you could very well inadvertently destroy the whole system through an oversight, and it's hardly ever possible to easily restore everything from the wastebasket." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:857 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is one of the reasons we are starting out on a test installation, things may go wrong without great losses." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:861 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In any case, it is very important that one:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:867 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Never log in as root unless absolutely necessary, and not stay logged in any longer than what is required." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:873 IKT-bok.en.sgml:926 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Always think twice before doing anything while logged in as root." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:879 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Never leave the computer while logged in as root. You do not want random passers-by to have that much power over your computer. All services on a machine that others need access to over the network work perfectly fine without anyone being logged into the machine at all." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:883 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Note: All services on a machine that other need to use over the network is working fine even if no one is logged into the machine." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:889 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Let me give you a real life example:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:892 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "No reason for worry if this is not clear at this stage. You should have a foundation for understanding what is happening towards the end of the book, so ignore the details if this is totally new." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:898 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "One day, as I was about to clean up a directory tree, I thought I'd remove all hidden files and directories. Hidden files and catalogs in a linux system have file names beginning with a full stop (.). Examples include .bashrc and .openoffice. As in other systems, . is the name of the present directory, and .. is the name of the parent directory in the tree. At the command prompt, I wrote" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:908 #, no-c-format #. Tag: command msgid "rm -r .*" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:910 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What I forgot, was that this command not only removes what I intended to remove, but in additon removes all other files on the computer. If I had been logged in as root, I would have deleted the whole system, but fortunately, I was not. I did not have permission to delete all files on the system, which I was very happy about then and there. Nothing of consequence happened." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:914 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To repeat:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:920 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You should never log in as root unless absolutely necessary, and not stay logged in any longer than what is required." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:932 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Never leave the computer while logged in as root. You do not want random passers-by to have that much power over your computer." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:938 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "That being said, there are limits to the amount of damage you can cause through Webmin." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:942 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It is not my intention here to frighten you from doing necessary work as root. The point is to not do anything without thinking first. Even walking along a regular country road is dangerous if you're not paying attention. You need to know the traffic rules to be safe in traffic." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:948 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Connecting to Webmin" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:952 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To connect to Webmin, you must open a webbrowser, e.g. Mozilla, Opera, Netscape or Konqueror." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:956 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "After starting a webbrowser, go to the address field and type" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:960 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid " or" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:964 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid " You will now see a login screen for Webmin. Enter the user name and password for the administrator for this computer. The user name is root, and the password is the one you gave at the start of the Skolelinux installation." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:968 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you have entered the right user name and password, you have now entered Webmin." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:974 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Creating more users" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:978 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "See the section on webmin and creating of users below." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:986 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1165 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Thin client configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:990 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you have been following the instructions so far, you have now installed the machine profile thin client server on the computer. We are now going to add another slice of the cake, by setting up a small network of thin clients." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:994 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "First, we'll give an explanation of what thin clients are and how they function,followed by some instructions on what information is available and where to find it. Finally, we'll walk you through setting up two thin clients against the thin client server." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:999 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Thin clients" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1003 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "For the user, a thin client functions like a workstation. The difference is that it gets its operating system and user applications from another computer, the thin client server. With this system, old hardware can be given a lease of life. In chapter on page there is a description of what is required for a thin client and for a thin client server. The configuration of thin clients is automated, but a system administrator must still do some configuration." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1009 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Collecting information" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1013 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To be able to use a machine as a thin client, we have to know some basic facts:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1019 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The boot floppies that the terminal clients will use have to be adapted to the network card inside them. We therefore have to know which type of network card is in the client. As the manufacturer and label of a network card quite often is independant of the basic electronics, or chipset, it is important to note that it is the latter we are really after." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1025 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Each network card comes with a unique number from the manufacturer, a so-called MAC-address, which the terminal server uses in order to recognize the computer at boot time. The MAC-address consists of six pairs of characters, separated by colons." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1029 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Each terminal (thin client) will get a slightly different setting during boot, and the terminal server needs to know which machine should have which settings. It is important that the server be able to distinguish between the clients, and this is what the MAC-addresses are used for." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1036 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Finding out what type of network card is in the computer" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1040 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The simplest and safest way to find the necessary information, is when there is already an operating system installed on the machine. The method used depends on the operating system in question." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1046 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Linux" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1051 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1075 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1099 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2500 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid " " msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1055 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1079 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1103 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Networkcard:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1060 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Type the command 'lspci' in a terminal window. (you must be logged in as root to do this). Among the information displayed on the screen, you'll find something like '00:0a.0 Ethernet controller: Winbond Electronics Corp W89C940'. In this example, 'Winbond Electronics Corp W89C940' is the specification for the network card on the computer." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1070 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "MSwindows 9x" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1084 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click 'Start', then 'Settings' and finally 'Control panel'. Under 'Network' or 'System' in the control panel you'll normally find the specifications for the network card. If you cannot find anything useful here," msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1094 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "MSwindows NT/2000" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1108 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click 'Start', then 'Settings' and finally 'Control panel' Under 'Network' or 'System' in the control panel you'll normally find the specifications for the network card." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1120 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Finding the MAC-address for the network card" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1124 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The network card MAC address will appear on the display when you boot using the boot floppy disk which you will be making in section . If you use the right boot floppy, you will see something like this: 00:20:AF:9F:06:DC This is called hexadecimal numbers, numbers in the base 16 number system. ." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1136 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Making boot floppies for the thin clients" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1140 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now we have all the information we need, and can begin to create the start up floppy for the terminal client. What is needed here may be downloaded from " msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1144 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click to the last release, 5.0.7, select NIC/ROM suitable for the network card you have on the clients. In the example, I had 'Winbond Electronics Corp W89C940', and recognize this as 'Winbond 940'. Now download 'Floppy Bootable ROM Image' to a local directory, e.g. 'tmp'. The downloaded 'Floppy Bootable ROM Image' must now be copied to a floppy disk, like this:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1150 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Linux: Type cat /tmp/eb-5.0.7-winbond940.lzdsk ' /dev/fd0/ in a terminal console." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1156 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Windows 9x/NT/2000: Use the program 'RaWrite' to put the 'Floppy Bootable ROM Image' on the floppy, follow the instructions for making floppy disks as in section ." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1169 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The thin client server must have two network cards. One(eth0) will be connected to an existing network, and the second (eth1) will be connected to the thin clients." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1173 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Connect a network cable from the second network card (eth1) in the thin client server and to a HUB. Then, use another network cables to connect the desired thin clients to the same HUB." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1177 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We'll first deal with the physical connection between the thin client and the thin client server. Finally, we'll look at the necessary configuration for enabling the thin client to talk to the server. Make sure all the network cables are well connected, then put the floppy disk in the thin client." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1181 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Open Webmin, 'https://127.0.0.1:10000' and log in as root. Click 'Server' and 'DHCP Server'. Then click ltsp10', which is the first thin client. Here, type the MAC address in the field 'Hardware Address' and click 'Save' at the bottom of the page. In order for the DHCP server to catch the latest changes, you have to restart the services. At the bottom of the main page for 'DHCP Server' there is a 'Start Server' button. Click on this, and you're done." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1185 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Put the boot floppy in the and start the machine. As long as a PCI or AGP video card is used, these will be recognized and automatically configured. If the thin client does not boot from the floppy, you've got the wrong driver for the network card. Return to section and go through the instructions there again." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1191 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Debugging in connection with thin client configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1196 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Relevant configuration files:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1203 #, no-c-format #. Tag: filename msgid "/etc/dhcpd.conf" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1209 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "/etc/ltsp/lts.conf this file is a link to /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf, it does not matter which one you edit." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1217 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Thin client with ISA-network card" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1221 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You must fill in all fields for the appropriate thin client (ltspXX) concerning option128 and option129. You do this in Webmin by first clicking the relevant ltspXX, then on 'edit'." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1227 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Diagnostic tools for debugging" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1231 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "As root on the thin client server, you can type the following in a terminal console" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1235 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "tail -f /var/log/syslog" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1239 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You will then see what is written to the log files. Here you'll be able to get detailed information on any errors that occur, like for instance:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1243 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "dhcpd-2.2.x: Multiple interfaces match the same subnet: eth0 eth1" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1247 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "dhcpd-2.2.x: Multiple interfaces match the same shared network: eth0 eth1" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1251 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This error message says that you have an IP number conflict between the two network cards on the thin client server." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1255 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You may also see things like" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1259 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "dhcpd-2.2.x: no free leases on subnet TYNNKLIENTER" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1263 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "dhcpd-2.2.x: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:08:a1:25:68:7f via eth1" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1267 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is an indication that you have either forgotten to enter the thin client's MAC address, or it has been entered incorrectly. Have a look at." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1273 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Searching for server (DHCP)..." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1277 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you get a message like this, and nothing happens for several minutes, it means the thin client cannot establish a connection to the thin client server. This may be because you have not connected the cables properly, or that the DHCP server didn't start. Check if DHCP has started by typing the command" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1282 #, no-c-format #. Tag: command msgid "ps auxw | grep dhcpd" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1285 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "you should then see two lines ending in" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1289 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid ".........../usr/sbin/dhcpd" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1293 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "..........grep dhcpd" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1299 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Probing ..... No adapter found....." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1303 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This indicates that you have chosen the wrong boot floppy from " msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1309 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Using the twisted pair (TP) crosslink cable as a diagnostic tool" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1313 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A configuration of thin clients and servers has a huge number of potential error sources. These include network interface cards that are not working, broken network cables, network cards that are not properly configured, faulty ports on the hub/switch etc." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1317 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Using a TP crosslink cable, we are able to connect a thin client directly to the thin client server, without going through a hub/switch. This will eliminate some potential sources of error." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1321 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This can be very useful if we are not sure which of the cards in the thin client server functions as eth0 and eth1. In this case, it is easy to test both cards using a TP crosslink cable. By using just one cable, we reduce the likelihood of the most common source of error, i.e. forgetting to connect a cable, or connecting to the wrong place." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1329 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Printer" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1333 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "And now for the last slice of cake, the printer. We have chosen to make use of a system called Common Unix Printing Protocol, CUPS. CUPS is a network printer solution which meets today's requirements. It is based on IPP (Internet Printing Protocol), i.e. all communication between printer and user is through the network, just as for webpages. Whether you are printing from somewhere different from where the printer is located is of no importance. The system keeps track of the users, and it is not possible for other users to log into the system or print documents." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1338 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Starting CUPS" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1342 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To enter the CUPS administration tools, you first have to open a web browser such as Opera, Mozilla or Konqueror. Then type the following in the address field: http://localhost:631 alternatively http://127.0.0.1:631." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1346 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You will then see a web interface to CUPS. In order to get CUPS to work, the correct printer must be set up. Select Do administration tasks, and enter root as user name and the root password for the computer. In the administration page there are three main options. You may add classes, inspect the printer queue, and add printers. We will not get into this in great detail, but just provide a quick howto on getting the printer to function. More in-depth explanation of CUPS can be found in chapter on page ." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1352 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1871 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Adding a printer" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1356 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1875 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To add a printer, select add printer. You will then see the following screen:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1362 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1881 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Name:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1367 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1886 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'short name for the printer'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1374 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1893 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Location:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1379 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1898 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'where the printer is'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1386 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1905 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4012 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Description:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1391 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1910 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'more complete description of the printer'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1398 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter a short name for the printer, its location, and an optional description. It's important to give the printer a name and a description that everyone can understand, to make it easy for the users to recognize it no matter where they are on the network." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1402 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Thereafter, click on the continue button. If you get an error message, you will be told that the names may only contain letters, numbers and the underline character ( _ )." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1406 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The next screen asks you to enter the unit that the printer will be communicating with. Examples:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1412 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Parallell port" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1418 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "USB port" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1424 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2103 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Network" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1430 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Then you have to pick the printer from a list which is presented at the end." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1434 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If all the information has been entered correctly, this should now be working. Click on the printer you have set up. You will then be presented with alternatives such as ``print test page'', ``Stop printer'', ``accept jobs'', ``modify printer'', ``Configure printer'', and ``Delete printer''." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1438 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To test if everything is working, you can click on ``print test page''. If things are working, the printer will now create a test page. If not, you have to select modify printer, and make necessary changes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1442 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You can also select configure printer to make detailed adjustments to the configuration. Print some text and a picture, and see how it turns out. Make adjustments ad lib!" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1450 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Introduction to administrative tools" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1454 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now we have a test network set up, and it is time to charge ahead using the administrative tools. This is important in order to get a better understanding of the system. Skolelinux has choosen the tools cfengine, webmin and CUPS." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1460 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "cfengine:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1465 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Is used during Skolelinux install. If you are in the mood for some really advanced stuff, cfengine may also be used to control the configuration of several machines from one place." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1472 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "webmin:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1477 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Lets you control the configuration of the machine from a webbrowser" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1484 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "cups:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1489 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Printer configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1497 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2228 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Webmin" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1501 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Webmin is an administrative tool with a web interface aimed at making administrative tasks secure and simple. Even though it is built to be easy to use, it can handle almost all kinds of configurations. There is a large number of options, and Webmin may appear a bit overwhelming to begin with." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1505 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We have chosen to go through the most important parts, so that you will have it set up and get to know it before you go on." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1510 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Starting webmin" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1514 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Webmin is installed as part of the Skolelinux server profile. To start Webmin, fire up a browser and enter the following in the address line: https://localhost:10000 or https://127.0.0.1:10000. You will then see a login page which asks you to enter user name and password. The user name is root, and the password is the one you gave during install." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1520 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Description of the main functionality" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1524 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you have successfully logged in to the web interface, you will see that it is divided into five main groups, ``webmin'', ``system'', ``servers'',``hardware'' and``other''." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1531 #, no-c-format #. Tag: quote msgid "Webmin" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1535 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deals with the configuration of webmin functionality.It includes everything from what users are permitted to use webmin to how it should behave externally." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1543 #, no-c-format #. Tag: quote msgid "System" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1547 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deals with the configuration of the system. Starting up, file system, processes, system logs, and what users and groups the system will have." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1555 #, no-c-format #. Tag: quote msgid "Servers" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1559 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deals with various server applications that are installed. For instance:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1565 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "dhcp:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1570 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Makes sure other machines connect correctly to the network," msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1577 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "apache:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1582 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Distributes webpages" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1589 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "bind:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1594 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "DNS, makes sure the machines have names and not just numbers," msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1601 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "squid:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1606 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Caching of browser data, and" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1613 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "ssh:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1618 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "encrypted connection" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1629 #, no-c-format #. Tag: quote msgid "Hardware" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1633 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deals with hardware. configuration for lilo Linuxloader, the program that displays the startup menu when booting Linux. , configuration of raid disks, partitioning of harddrives, and the clock." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1647 #, no-c-format #. Tag: quote msgid "Other" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1651 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deals with anything that does not fit in the above categories. Checking of service status, command shells, overview of common commands, configuration of modules for the Perl programming language, and network access through ssh and telnet." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1660 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Adding users" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1664 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select system and choose Administrate users in ldap.Here you will find an overview of local groups and users. Click on Add user. You will then be taken to a registration page where you enter the user information." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1670 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Full name:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1675 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'user full name'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1682 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Username:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1687 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'user logon name'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1694 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "User_password:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1699 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'user password'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1705 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Ldap_admin_password(root):" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1710 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'system-password'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1719 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Removing users" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1723 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Just like when adding users, select Administrate users in ldap. Click on the user you whish to delete, and you will see the information on the user. At the bottom on the right hand side you will find a 'delete' button. Just click on this and the user is removed. You can also choose whether the user's home directory should be deleted." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1729 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Change the size of a LVM partition" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1733 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is not working in webmin. Use the command line instead." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1739 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Create a LVM partition" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1743 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is working in webmin." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1749 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Using Webmin to install, upgrade, and remove programs" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1753 IKT-bok.en.sgml:1993 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid ". . ." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1760 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "CUPS" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1764 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Cups (common unix printing protocol) is a printing system which fulfills most needs." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1768 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It is based on IPP (internet printing protocol), meaning all communication between the printer and the user is transmitted over internet The way IPP communicates is actually very similar to the way webpages are transmitted. The webbrowser sends data to the server, which starts printing and responds to the client program with updates. . It does not matter if you print from a different location from the printer, as long as the printer server allows this. Clear rules of what users, computers and network segments that have access to the services, similar to the ones applied for internet, make it impossible for others to penetrate the system and abuse the printers." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1779 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "How to install CUPS" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1783 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Since the Skolelinux server profile has been installed, the required packages for CUPS should be in place. One method to check if it is working is to open a command shell and enter the following command:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1787 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "lpinfo -v" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1791 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You'll then get information such as:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1797 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "network socket" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1803 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "network http" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1809 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "network ipp" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1815 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "network lpd" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1821 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "direct parallell:/dev/lp0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1827 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If nothing is returned, or you get an error message, you have to add the correct program packages first. This is described in chapter ." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1833 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Getting started with CUPS" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1837 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to enter the CUPS administration tool, you must open a webbrowser, such as opera or konqueror. In the addressfield, type http://localhost:631 or http://127.0.0.1:631, and you will see the CUPS webpage. CUPS must be configured with the right printer. Go to Do administration tasks and fill in the root user name and password. You will see a screen like the illustration below." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1845 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "One thing that has to be done is to choose the right printer. Then press the text Do administration tasks an you get asked for username and password. Then you enter the admin-pages of CUPS. You have tree options: Creating classes, examine the print que, or adding printers." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1849 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You now have three options: Creating classes, examine the print que, or adding printers." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1853 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We can not go into details on CUPS here, but provide a quick introduction to making the printer work. More information can be found in chapter ." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1857 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "CUPS allows you to define classes or groups of users. This can for example be used to create a student class and a teacher class, where the student class has a limited print quota, whereas the teachers enjoy unlimited printing." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1861 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It is also possible to check the status of print jobs and take actions like cancelling erroneous printouts or cleaning the print que after a printer has crashed." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1865 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Og foerst og fremst; man kan legge til og stille inn skrivere." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1917 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Fill in these fields and click continue. Note that the first two fiels may contain only letters, numbers and underscore." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1921 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Then you'll see a window asking you to choose the unit the printer is connected to. Is it a USB port, a parallel port, or something else?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1925 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Then you have to pick the printer from a list that is given at the end. If all information has been entered correctly, things should now been working. Try printing a test page." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1930 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2744 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2807 #, no-c-format #. Tag: author msgid "KlausJohnstad" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1931 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Adding a printer on a thin client" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1933 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "I use in this example a printer connected to the parallel port of the thin client, the thin client has the name of ltsp050, and the MACaddress/hardware ethernet of it's networkcard is 00:20:AF:9F:06:DC" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1936 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "First you need to add the MAC address to the file /etc/dhcpd.conf, the stanza should in this case look like this:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1940 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "host ltsp050 {\n" "hardware ethernet 00:20:AF:9F:06:DC;\n" "fixed-address 192.168.0.50;\n" "filename \"/tftpboot/lts/vmlinuz-2.4.19-ltsp-1\";\n" "#filename \"/tftpboot/lts/pxelinux.0\";\n" "#option option-128 e4:45:74:68:00:00;\n" "#option option-129 \"NIC=3c509\";\n" " }" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1941 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Make sure that you replace the MACaddress/hardware ethernet with the one that your card has, make also sure that filename matches what you have on your system." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1944 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Then you need to add the print capability's to this particular thin client, in the file /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf add the following lines:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1946 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "[ltsp050]\n" " PRINTER_0_DEVICE =/dev/lp0\n" " PRINTER_0_TYPE =P" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1948 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Notice that P means printer type Parallel, other options are also available, you might want to add other special options to this thin client, if needed. Now it's time to restart the thin client, it is not necessary to restart the server. The thin client is now ready to serve as a printserver, but first we need to configure the printer. This is best done by logging in as root on the server. Then start a Printersetupprogram, e.g. by going into K-menuControl CenterSystemPrinting Manager there you click on the symbol that looks like a magicians wand, you will then be greeted by the Add printer Wizard, press Next, then choose Network Printer (TCP), press Next, then enter into Setting, there you replace 10.0.2 with 192.168.0 since the printer is attached to a thin client, then OK, then Scan, the printer attached to the thin client should now show up as available. Choose this printer, and then set it up according to your manufacturer and model." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1954 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2808 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1958 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The Testpage doesn't come." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1962 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Maybe you specified a too high Resolution, try first with 150ppt." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1965 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The manufacturer and model of my printer doesn't show up in the driverdatabase." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1966 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Look at to see if your printer is supported under Linux." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1976 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Secure administration routines" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1980 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to avoid loosing important data and for privacy protection, any computer network needs to have secure administrative policies and routines in place. According to the security expert Lars Bahner, 80% of computer security has to do with good routines, with only 20% related to technology. Adding new functionality is relatively simple compared to the continuos effort that must go into keeping the network secured." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1984 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Data security is also regulated by laws, and the management of an organization is responsible for ensuring compliance with the law." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1989 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Adminitrative routines" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:1999 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Technical routines" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2002 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "[Knut Yrvin]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2006 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Jonas thinks unencrypted X traffic is a problem on thin clients as it is possible to intercept the root password." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2010 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Others agree. I would not recommend logging in as root on thin clients. This should be avoided. That being said, interception would require:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2014 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1. Networks without switches (Skolelinux recommends switched networks)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2018 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is no obstacle, as Herman has commented." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2022 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "2. That the interceptor has root access and can run sniffers" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2026 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If schools add computers running MS Windows to the LTSP network, as some have indicated a wish to do, the users will have such access." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2030 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "3. The ability to detect the root password in a network traffic of up to 2 Mbit/s per thin client." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2034 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is not too hard, as there are software that can listen to TCP connections for 'su\n' and 'login:' and notes down the traffic surrounding these events." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2038 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "4. The ability to make the thin client into a light workstation with a floppy drive (and gain access to traffic info in an unswitched network)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2042 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is not a requirement. Windows clients in the network and tampering with the switch setup suffices." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2046 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "5. That users who _have_ access to the thin client network from within are the perpetrators (see the architecture document): http://developer.skolelinux.no/arkitektur/arkitektur.html.en" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2051 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Yes, the threat comes from within." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2055 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "I consider the threat to be sufficiently serious to avoid sending the root password via the LTSP network, but not great enough to banish LTSP until the traffic between server and client becomes encrypted." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2059 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is akin to the University of Oslo IT (USIT) policies, where everyone who has the root password to the controlling computer which gives access to all unix machines on campus must be in their own controlled and closed network. The root password is not to be sent across unsafe networks without establishing an encrypted connection." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2063 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This warning should be added for Windows 98: WARNING: THIS MS WINDOWS 98 SYSTEM SHOULD NOT BE USED TO CONNECT TO THE SCHOOL NETWORK WHICH HAS MILLIONS OF USERS NATIONWIDE" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2068 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Yes, this warning should be in place. :)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2072 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Jonas Smedegaard's arguments can be summarized as follows:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2076 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1. He criticizes the fact that per default, LTSP thin client network X traffic is sent unencrypted, http://www.ltsp.org/. LTSP is working on this (adding ssh should be relatively easy)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2080 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "2. He thinks Skolelinux is unneccesarily insecure since X traffic can be sent unencrypted in a _closed_ network behind a firewall, where key combinations can be monitored - provided 3-5 technological hurdles have been overcome (overcoming switched network, unauthorized root access with floppy drive on the thin clients, and running sniffer software)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2089 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "System overview" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2094 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Network, services and software description" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2099 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2704 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Network" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2107 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When planning a network, you choose a one or a combination of media. The planning and the choices are often based on the structure of the buildings and other physical characteristics, and on security and performance requirements for the network. The main focus will be on achieving the desired functionality, security and performance in the most cost efficient manner." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2111 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The next step is to choose logical topology (Ethernet, Token Ring etc.). The logical topology is commonly selected based on transfer rates, ease of administration, and often, tradition." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2115 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Often, the network has to be split into several parts, for reasons of geography or traffic flow. This is done by using repeaters, hubs or concentrators, bridges, switches and routers. Quite often, there is also a need to communicate with other types of computers, using other network protocols, and in these cases we must turn to so called gateways." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2119 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Bridges" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2123 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A bridge is used to slit a network in two (or more) logical segments. As bridges operate on the datalink layer, they have access to the physical addresses (MAC addresses) for a transmitting and receiving station. According to this definition, a bridge is able to transmit, or refrain from transmitting, data to the segment on the other side, based on these addresses and other information in the datalink layer." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2127 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Bridges are choosy with regard to the traffic the let through. They are able to filter the traffic at the address level, and because of this bridges are used to divide an overloaded network into several segments. By dividing, the bridges will prevent traffic internal to a segment to burden other segments. As long as the traffic over the bridges stays relatively low, such a solution reduces the load on each segment." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2131 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "How a bridge works: (illustration of network, with 2 servers, and split in an upper and lower segment). Our point of departure is a network with a bridge between two segments. - Recieves all data packages on the upper segment. - Ignores all data packages addressed to nodes in the upper segment. - Transmits all other packages to the lower segment. - Executes the same functionality vis a vis packages in the lower segment." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2135 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Switches" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2139 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A switch is a multiport, high performance bridge. A switch is able to understand physical network addresses (MAC addresses), but not logical addresses (like IP addresses). The main purpose of switches is to increase the bandwidth in high load networks through segmenting the network. A switch may be compared to a bridge, but has much better performance and comes with more ports than bridges. A switch has high performance and low price, and is mainly used when additional bandwidth is needed." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2143 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "There are two main types of LAN switching: Store-and-forward and cut-through." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2147 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Store-and-forward is the same switch method used in bridges. Storing and forwarding means that for every incoming frame, the whole frame is read into a buffer, and an error check (CRC) is run on it before deciding whether to forward it." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2151 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "With cut-through-switching only the header is read, and thereby the source and destination addresses, before deciding whether to forward the frames. This is considerably faster then Store-and-forward. But because the whole frame is not read and no error check is run, there's a risk of forwarding corrupt frames, thus causing problems, retransmissions etc." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2155 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Routers" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2159 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Because they contain more intelligence, it is obvious that routers are more work intensive than bridges and switches. The relative amount of packages they can transmit is lower than for bridges. On the other hand, they are capable of choosing much more sophisticated paths through an local network. From an administrative point of view, it is often desirable to split the network into smaller, logically grouped chunks, that are easier to handle. In an IP based network, these chunks are known as subnets. Routers are mainly used when there is a need for security and a more detailed control of the network traffic." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2163 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Hubs" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2167 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The task of a hub is to connect several cable segments in one point. The simplest form of hub is a multiport repeater, which is exactly what its name says. It connects multiple cable segments and regenerate the signal for each segment. With Ethernet the access method Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is used. This is built around a concept called contention, in which the stations on the caple sends its data when it is convenient for them.CSMA/CD enhances this concept in that the stations first listens to the cable before sending data to it. Even so, it may be the case that two stations are listening at the same time (this often occurs at heavy traffic loads) and both regard the cable as unused and releases data to it. This results in a collision." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2173 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Description of services" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2178 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Samba" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2182 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Samba is a service which makes it possible to share a Linux filesystem and printers with Windows. It is actually the protocol SMB (Server Message Block), developed in 1987, used by Microsoft and adopted by Linux. The service consits of several components which we will return to. In the first place, the service has to be installed, if this has not been done already." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2188 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Squid" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2192 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Squid is an Internet proxy cache application, which can make surfing the Net seem simpler. A proxy is defined as an agent with the authority to act on behalf of others, and a chache is a storage location that hides and handles information for later use. By using Squid, surfing the Web will appear faster than what it realy is. After you have accessed a webpage, a copy will be stored locally. The next time you go to that page, it will appear much faster, as it has been downloaded already and is stored in memory. It is important to configure this service accurately, so that each page isn't stored for too long. Many webpages are updated frequently, and yesterday's paper is of little interes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2198 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Mail Services" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2202 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Limacute handles user administration, courier handles mail reception imap and smtp. mailman is a mail service handling mailinglists etc." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2208 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "DSH (Distributed Shell)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2212 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "DSH is Distributed SHell,a small script making it possible to execute commands on clusters/multiple machines at a time. It uses a small daemon which collects information on the machines and uses a small script that exploits the collected data to remotely execute the commands via rsh or ssh (which are encrypted transfer protocols)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2218 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3199 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "NFS (Network File System)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2222 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "NFS is a network sysmtem thats makes possible the sharing of a harddrive by multiple computers in a network. Thus, you can access other PCs somewhere else in the network. This is achieved by exporting a part or all of the local file system, so that a user is able to mount the file system from another computer over the network. The server program makes the file system accessible to other machines through a process called exporting. File systems that are available over the network in this way are called shared file systems. In practice, if a shared file system on machine A is mounted on machine B, it will appear to the user on B just like a local file system, and thus NFS is invisible to the users. NFS is designed to function independant of machine, operating system and transport protocols. It uses client/server architecture and consists of a client program, a server program and a protocol for communication between these." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2232 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Webmin is a web based interface for system and user administration in Unix. It is designed to be functional, quick, and easy to use. It is also highly extensible because of an open and well documented application programming interface (API). Webmin is also very portable, and supports more than 25 different unix-like operating systems and linux distributions. By using a browser that supports frames and forms, you can configure user accounts, Apache, DNS, file sharing etc. Webmin consists of a simple web server and several CGI programs that update system files directly. Webmin is a unique program for the Unix world in the sense that it offers a one-to-one graphical user interface (GUI) for almost any function in a unix system. Anyone can use it because it only requires a webbrowser and is accessible from anywhere there is an internet connection. Webmin is an excellent tool for both novice and experienced system administrators. For novices, it offers a way to learn system administration in a very visual manner." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2240 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "SSH (Secure SHell)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2244 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "SSH is a program used for logging into other machines in a network, execute commands on external machins, and for copying files between machines. It has strict authentication and provides secure communication over insecure connections. The advantages of SSH in comparison to many other similar programs is that is encrypts the connection between the two machines and forwards the X-connection (which means that it tells the other machine what computer you are using). In this way you may start X-programs without problems. When using other programs, passwords are often transmitted unencrypted. If someone listens into the network, they may therefore be able to get hold of your password. The X Window System has many weaknesses. By using SSH you can create secure X-sessions that are invisible for the users." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2250 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2254 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "CUPS is a network printer system for centralized management of printers. It is built on the IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) which is built on the internet protocol HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol). This means that the data are transmitted in the same way as on the internet. You might think that this would lead to a huge traffic load and a slowdown of the network, but that is not the case.Since the program runs directly on the server, it's not affecting the clients significantly. The only thing that affects the clients is a background process, a daemon, that frequently searches for client requests. This is a very small program which only reads the commands it receives like print, cancel, pause etc. Administration of the program is very easy - since CUPS uses the same protocol as internet,It may be administered from anywhere." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2260 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3029 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "DNS (Domain Name System)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2264 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "DNS is a distributed directory service which translates IP addresses to particular domain names. An IP (Internet Protocol) address is an identification number (such as 176.15.30.72) that a package or machine gets from its local internet service provider. This address shows affiliations on sending and receiving packages. DNS also handles email for the domain. For the domain www.skolelinux.no, the DNS server will also hadle the various email aliases created for the domain, e.g. pere@skolelinux.no. If the DNS server crashes, the domain will not be visible...." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2270 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "LDAP" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2274 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a protocol for directory services which is used for authentication in a cetralized system. It uses the local database for storing information. E.g. if an LDAP client connects to an LDAP server with a request, the server will respond by pointing to where the requested information may be found, normally on another LDAP server." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2280 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "PostgreSQL" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2284 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "PostgreSQL is the database program that Skolelinux has elected to use. Primarily because it is free, but also because it supports most database constructs.For those who are not familiar with databases, it is a collection of logically related data, stored in tables. A school database might have tables such as employee, student, subject, class etc. This tables may be combined in order to produce desired answers to queries, by using the query language SQL." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2290 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "DHCP- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2294 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "DHCP is used for allocating IP-addresses to computers in a network automatically. To use DHCP, you must install a DHCP-server on one machine, and DHCP-clients on the machines that need IP-number.When the clients start up, the DHCP-client sends a request for an IP-number. The DHCP-server picks up the request, looks at its configuration, and returns an IP-number to the client. The server also often sends information on Gateways and DNS-servers." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2298 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Using a DHCP-server to allocate IP-numbers has several advantages to fixing an IP-number for every machine in the network. Here are some:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2304 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "IP-addressing is controlled from one machine. Good overview of allocated IP-numbers. Easy change of IP numbers." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2310 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It is possible to allocate fixed IP adresses with a DHCP server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2316 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Multiuser machines, such as pupil machines may easily be given an IP number, without requiring each computer to have a fixed IP address." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2322 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuration of DNS servers and gateways are done at a central location, in stead of on every single machine." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2328 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Portable computers may easily be moved between networks without reconfiguring IP address, gateway and DNS servers." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2336 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Apache" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2340 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Apache is the most widely used webserver in the world. It is free software distributed under an open sourve license. Version 2.0 functions under most UNIX based operating systems (such as Linux, Solaris, Digital UNIX and AIX), under other UNIX/POSIX- systemes (such as Rhapsody, BeOS, and BS2000/OSD), on AmigaOS, and on Windows 2000. According to Netcraft (www.netcraft.com), as of February 2001 60% of all webpages are served by an Apache server. Apache is integrated with the newest version of the Hypertext Transport Protocol, HTTP1.1, and free support is provided through a report system and several dedicated newsgroups. In addition, many companies offer consultancy services." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2346 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "AppleTalk" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2350 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "AppleTalk is a network protocol which enables communication with Apple Macintosh machines in the network. It is part of Skolelinux in order not to exclude operating sytems (and thereby users)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2356 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "PHP4" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2360 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is an open source server scripting language for making dynamic webpages and internet applications. A dynamic webpage is a page tailored to the user, so that users visiting will see information pertinent to their selections. Dynamic internet applications are mainly used for commercial sites, where what is displayed is generated from a database or some other external source of information. PHP is a scripting language specifically tailored for web development, and is easily integrated with the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Webpages generated using PHP are treated just like static HTML pages. PHP offers a simple, universal solution for constructing webpages.PHP syntax is similar to C and Perl, making it easy to user for everyone who has basic knowledge of programminng. Because of its design, PHP code is simple to maintain and update, and because it is distributed freely and as open source, it has been widely adopted and is extremely well documented and supported." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2364 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "PHP4 - (PHP version 4.0) Version 4.0 includes more than 50 improvements of performance and a range of new functionality." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2371 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "User applications" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2375 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Webbrowsers Konqueror, Opera, Mozilla" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2379 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Mailprogram KMail, Moxilla-mail, evolution" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2383 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Newsreader Knode" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2387 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Wordprocessor Kword, AbiWord" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2391 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Spreadsheet Kspread, Gnumeric" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2395 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Reportgenerator Lyx" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2399 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Database Postgresql, mysql" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2403 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Presentation Kpresenter" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2407 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Webdesign Quanta+ Teksteditor, Kwrite+kate, Gxedit" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2411 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Graphics Gimp, Krayon, Kontour, Sodipodi" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2415 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Pedagogical software Kdict, KGeo, KStars, KmPlot, celestia" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2419 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Chemistry gperiodic Kalzium? chemtool?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2423 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Math KPercentage, KmPlot, KGeo" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2427 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Languages Kvoctrain, Kmessedwords" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2431 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Multimedia Noatun, Artsbuilder" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2435 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Video player Xine, noatun" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2439 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Music Noteedit, Kmidi" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2443 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Conference/Videophone Gnomemeeting" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2447 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Notes:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2451 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "- chemtool has not been thoroghly tested yet - Kalzium compiled, but did not work completely as it ought to, while gperiodic is fairly similar and works great! - KPercentage crashes at once, -KVoctrain compiles/runs, but has not been tested (must be set up) -KMessedwords must be nationalized - Gnomemeeting, which is based on H.323, is going to be hard to get to work throught firewalls. Something SIP based would possibly have been the right thing?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2458 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Command line administration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2463 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "User administration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2467 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2471 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to be able to administer a system, you need administrator rights. For Linux, this means being logged in as root. All functionality described here pertains to system administrtion, and thus requires root privileges. To log in as root, open a terminal console (window). This may for instance be done like this:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2477 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "K->system->terminal" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2482 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "console" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2489 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Type:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2495 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "su" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2505 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You will be asked for a password. Enter the root password. The needed commands are only executed in this terminal console window ." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2509 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Adding/removing users" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2513 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Users are added and removed using webmin. If you wish to do it from the command line interface, use lynx, a text base webbrowser" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2520 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "CUPS(Common Unix Printing System)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2524 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Just as for adding users, go to user and groups. Click the users you wish to remove, and you will see info on the user. Use the 'delete' button at the bottom, to the right to remove the user. You can also choose whether or not the user's home directory should be deleted." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2529 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is the same as what is in" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2536 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Changing a password" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2540 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to change a user's password, type the command:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2546 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2551 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'user name'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2558 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter the new password twice. This will create a new password." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2565 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "System administration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2570 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "File protection" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2574 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Linux has a simple system for file protection. Each file is related to 3 sets of users:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2580 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'u' (for user) refers to the user himself, the owner of the file" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2586 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'g' (for group) refers to other users in the same group as the user" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2592 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'o' (for other) refers to all other system users. In addition, each set of users have 3 possible privileges:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2598 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'r' signifies read access. Only those with read privileges can read the file." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2604 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'w' signifies write access. Only those with write privileges can write to file." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2610 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'x' signifies execution privileges. Only those with 'x' privileges can execute a program." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2616 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To show how this works, let's look at an example:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2622 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "server:/home/torharald#" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2627 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "ls -l administrasjon.dvi" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2634 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "-rw-r--r--" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2639 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "1 totte totte 2136 Mar 31 21:14 administrasjon.dvi" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2647 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Changing file protection" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2651 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to change the protection of a file, you have to be logged in either as the owner of the file (i.e. the user that created the file), or as root, with all privileges to change whatever is necessary. Changing the protection of files or directories is done with the command chmod (change mode). As an example, assume that you have a file called task.dvi for which only you should have privileges. In this case, enter the command:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2657 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "chmod" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2662 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "go -rw oppgave.dvi" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2669 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is an order to remove read and write privileges from the file oppgave.dvi for the sets of users go(group,owner)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2676 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Processes" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2680 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A process is a program under execution, i.e. a designation of the program and the environment the program uses while running. A process has:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2686 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A process ID (PID). This is a unique number identifying the process." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2692 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "All processes are started by other processes, i.e. all processes are children of other processes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2698 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "At boottime, a range of processes are started. And when the login window is displayd on the screen, this is a running process. When we're logged in, we're inside a process that is a child of the login process." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2708 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "After installing Skolelinux, the network should be working properly. To check the network, open a webbrowser and try going to a familiar webpage, e.g. www.skolelinux.no. If you get the message Unknown host, you don't have an internet connection.There are several possible reasons for this. We'll get to these in the chapter on error handling." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2713 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Usefull commands" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2717 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "ping Command where you send an echo request" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2721 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "traceroute Used to track a network-package. E.g. if you have someone who's trying to enter your machine, you can type traceroute 'ipadresse' to trace where the attack is coming from..." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2725 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "netstat Used to check and set a configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2729 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "ifconfig The command is used to configure the network card." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2733 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "ifdown Shuts down the network. But with * -a, for all" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2737 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "ifup Starts the network.But with * -a, for all" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2745 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Resize lvm-partitions from the commandline" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2746 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "There is at the moment 4 partitions of type lvm in Skolelinux:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2749 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2752 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "/var" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2755 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "/skole/tjener/home0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2758 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "swap" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2762 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Resize the partition /usr" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2763 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This partition is where your programs are installed." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2764 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Resizing this partition is tricky." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2766 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to umount this partition, you have to enter runlevel 1, and exec a shell from another partition." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2768 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Notify all your users that they have to log out, then issue init 1 from the command line." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2772 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now that you are in runlevel 1, you can issue exec /bin/shor exec /bin/ash depending on your symbolik links.. You will recognize that you have another shell when you have a promt looking like this \\h:w\\$. If you do a mistake when writing, then you have to do a Ctrl-C and start the line all over again." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2776 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "First we notice the current size of our partition, df -h /usr" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2777 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n" "/dev/vg_system/lv_usr\n" " 1.0G 400M 600M 40% /usr" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2781 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Then we umount the partition, umount /dev/vg_system/lv_usr" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2784 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Then we check and repair the filesystem, fsck -yf /dev/vg_system/lv_usr" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2784 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The resize program e2fsadm does do a filesystem check, but for safty we do it an extra time." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2788 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Then we chech how much free space we have in this volume group, vgdisplay vg_system, look for a line saying something like Free PE / Size 175 / 5.47 GB In this case we have 5.47GB free space that we can use." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2789 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If we want to increase the partition with 1GB, we issue e2fsadm -L +1G /dev/vg_system/lv_usr. If we wanted to increase the partition with 100M, we would issue e2fsadm -L +100M /dev/vg_system/lv_usr, If we wanted to decrease the partition with 100M, we would issue e2fsadm -L -250M /dev/vg_system/lv_usr Due to a bug" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2789 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We will shortly fix it, , we must be carefull when resizing." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2790 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Make sure that you see the follwoing on your screen:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2791 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "resize2fs 1.27 (8-Mar-2002)\n" "Begin pass 1 (max = 2564)\n" "Extending the inode table XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\n" "Begin pass 2 (max = 160)\n" "Relocating blocks XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\n" "Begin pass 3 (max = 52)\n" "Scanning inode table XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\n" "Begin pass 5 (max = 9)\n" "Moving inode table XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2794 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you do not see all these XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXrolling over the sceen when you resize, then your resize wasn't sucessfull." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2794 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You then have to remount the partition, then umount the partition again, and resize the partition again." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2794 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When you do this second resize, make sure to only resize with 32M, because the reszie commands \"remembers\" that last failed command." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2797 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If the resize was successfull, then we now can mount the partition, mount /usr, then we chech it's size, df -h /usr, it should in this case now look like:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2799 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n" "/dev/vg_system/lv_usr\n" " 2.0G 400M 1.6G 20% /usr" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2803 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When you now write init 6, after you have mounted the patrition, the machine will then reboot up into multiuser environment again." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2812 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When I try to umount, it complains the the device is busy." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2816 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is because there are open files on the partition that you want to umount. If you are trying to umount /skole/tjener/home0, then make sure that all your users are logged out. If it's possible, try to resize in runlevel 1" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2819 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "I have resized a partition, but I don't see any difference in the free space on my partiton" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2820 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is probably due to bug#439, the solution is to remember to check and repair the partiton that you want to resize before you try to resize it, with the command fsck -fy, then try to resize it again, but only increase/decrease it with 32M, that is e2fsadm -L +32M." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2824 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "After I have mounted the partition, and the machine starts in multiuser again, it hangs at NFS....., what shall I do?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2827 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The only solution I have, is to restart the machine hard, e.g use the Reset-button, or turn of the power. This shouldn't happend if you use the command init 6, or reboot" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2835 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2868 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Resize the partition /skole/tjener/home0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2836 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2869 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is where the users has their homedirectories." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2837 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2870 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The method used to resize this partition, is very similar to the one used when resizing /usr, infact it's easier because we don't need to go into runlevel 1, and we don't even need to start another shell, so I'll just list the commands used very briefly, and ask you to read" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2840 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2873 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Logg in as root, and tell all you users to log out." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2843 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2860 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2876 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2893 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Chech the current size of the partition, df -h /skole/tjener/home0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2845 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2878 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Umount the partition, umount /skole/tjener/home0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2848 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2881 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Check and repair the filesystem, fsck -fy /skole/tjener/home0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2851 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2884 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Chech how much free space you have, vgdisplay vg_data" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2854 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2887 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Resize the partiton to desired size, e2fsadm -L +400M /skole/tjener/home0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2857 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2890 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Mount the partition, umount /skole/tjener/home0" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2861 IKT-bok.en.sgml:2894 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If the resize failed, then please read again the chapter about when resize fails on /usr," msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2899 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Resize the partition /var" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2900 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The resize of this partition follows the exact same procedure as when resizing the /skole/tjener/home0 partiition, described in section" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2908 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Error handling" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2913 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Missing driver, needs driver floppy" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2917 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A driver floppy is a floppy disk with an ext2 file system, with a file modules.tgz. This file is unpacked from root on the installtion system. Such a modules.tgz may for instance contain a file like this: .lib/modules/2.4.19-386/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.o'." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2924 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Adding a client running MacOS X" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2929 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Preparations" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2934 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Software" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2938 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "We assume you have a brand new installation of OS X on the computer you wish to connect to the Skolelinux network. We also assume that you have updated the OS to the latest version, by using the automated update functionality in OS X." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2944 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Knowledge" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2948 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "These guidelines require that you have some experience with OS X. We assume that you know simple concepts and principles for OS X. You have to be logged in on the Mac as root throughout the procedure. These changes cannot be performed by an ordinary user. Root account is deactivated as default. You must activate it in the Netinfo Manager in the Security menu. Then, log in again as root." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2955 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3410 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Network configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2960 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Placing the Mac in the Skolelinux network" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2964 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A Mac in a Skolelinux network will behave like a workstation. This makes placing it together with Linux workstations a natural choice. For more info, see http://developer.skolelinux.no/arkitektur/arkitektur.html.en" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2970 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "DHCP" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2974 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order make it work against the Skolelinux network, it is easiest to configure the computer to use DHCP to get ip address and other settings from the server. DHCP is usually activated by default in OS X. With DHCP running, you will have network access as SOMETHING LACKING. This is an advantage, because it will be easier to take the script down for setting up nfs on mac, which is done like this:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2980 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3049 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter System options" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2986 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Choose Network" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2992 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Choose network card. This will usually be built-in Ethernet" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:2998 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click on the TCP/IP part. Configurer should use the With DHCP option." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3004 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click Start using" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3010 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3217 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Note:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3015 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To check if the network is ok, run ifconfig from a terminal. en0 should have the flags UP, RUNNING." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3021 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If your computer has not been networked previously, this would be a good time to update the software. You will find Software update in the System part of System options. This guide assumes you have updated OS X to the latest version." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3033 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "DNS is set up automatically by DHCP. If you wish to change name server, this can be done in the configuration for Network under System options." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3039 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Proxy" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3043 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To be able to use the web proxy installed on the Skolelinnux server, do the following:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3055 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4953 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select Network" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3061 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select Proxy" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3067 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Tick off Webproxy" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3073 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter the ip address for server and the port of the webproxy. The ip is usually 10.0.2.2 and the port 3128." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3079 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click Apply" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3088 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Authentication" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3093 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "LDAP configuration in OS X" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3097 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select Directory Access under Tools in Programs." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3103 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Tick off LDAPv3." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3109 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click Configure. Location should be Automatic." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3115 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click New. Configuration Name should be tjener, Server Name or ip address should also be tjener." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3121 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "For LDAP Standard types, select RFC 2307(Unix)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3127 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You will now get a dialog box where you must enter search path ending. Enter the following: dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3134 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click OK. SSL should not be activated." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3140 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click on the Verification tab." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3146 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Searching User defined path." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3152 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The catalog node list should contain /LDAPv3/tjener (server). If you don't have this, click on Add and select LDAPv3/tjener." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3158 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Same goes for the Contacts tab. If you don't have /LDAPv3/tjener on the catalog node list, you must click Add and select LDAPv3." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3164 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Close Catalog access" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3173 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Login menu in OS X" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3179 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Go to Accounts configuration under Options" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3185 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select Login choices" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3191 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Tick Field for name and password" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3204 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "NFS configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3208 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The easiest way to configure nfs is to run the ready-made script mac-nfs-configuration in a shell. To run this script, you must be logged in as administrator/root. It does not work for other users." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3212 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "NFS configuration: (the Norwegian word tjener means server)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3214 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "# scp root@tjener:/mac/mac-nfs-oppsett mac-nfs-oppsett\n" "# chmod u+x mac-nfs-oppsett\n" "# ./mac-nfs-oppsett" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3223 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The script displays a notice when it has finished. You may then close the terminal window." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3229 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The full script is included at the end of this document." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3238 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Time settings in OS X" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3242 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Go to Date and time settings under Options." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3248 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select Network time" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3254 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter the server address (10.0.2.2)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3260 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Tick Use network timeserver" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3268 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configuring a network printer in OS X" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3272 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To set up a network printer in OS X, go to Programs, then Tools and select Print center" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3278 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select IP-printing from the drop-down box." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3284 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter the printer network address" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3290 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select model and driver" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3296 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click Add" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3304 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Changes on the server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3308 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Changes to the NFS configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3312 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Log in to the server for workstations with ssh as root. In skolelinux, this machine is called tjener (server). Do the following:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3316 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Server login:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3318 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# ssh root@tjener" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3321 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter password and log in. Edit /etc/exports . This can be done by e.g. using nano (/bin/nano) or pico" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3325 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Edit /etc/exports:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3327 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# nano /etc/exports" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3330 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "/etc/exports:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3332 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "/etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may\n" "# be exported to NFS clients. See exports(5).\n" "#\n" "# Orginal line\n" "# /skole/tjener/home0 10.0.2.0/255.255.254.0(rw)\n" "#\n" "# Changed line\n" "/skole/tjener/home0 10.0.2.0/255.255.254.0(rw,insecure)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3335 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Here we show a modified /etc/exports. You only have to add an insecure parameter. In practice, this means letting nfs use ports over 1024. As far as we know, there are no risks involved in doing this. Next we start the nfs export." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3339 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Restart NFDS export:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3341 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3344 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Log out from the server by typing:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3348 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Logging out from server:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3350 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "# exit" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3353 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Close all the applications, and restart your Mac. Users that have been entered in LDAP should now be able to log in, as with a regular linux workstation." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3360 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Appendix" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3364 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "mac-nfs-configuration:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3366 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "#/bin/sh\n" "echo This script sets up automated mount of the home directories\n" "mkdir /skole ; mkdir /skole/tjener ; cd /skole/tjener\n" "ln -s /automount/skole/tjener/home0 home0\n" "nicl / -create /mounts/fu dir /skole/tjener/home0\n" "nicl / -create /mounts/fu type nfs\n" "nicl / -create /mounts/fu name tjener:/skole/tjener/home0\n" "echo Done ..." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3372 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Connecting Windows clients" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3381 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This section is meant to be of help when connecting computers running Microsoft Windows in a Skolelinux network. You will not find detailled explanations, as this is just meant to be an introduction to how it *can* be done. Administration of Windows is a vast theme, which is documented far better elsewhere." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3385 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The autor has only had access to the english version of Windows, and the name on components will then be influnced. This should be alright in most cases, since the translation of Windows has a tendency to be direct translatable our local language." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3391 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configuring the server" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3395 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Skolelinux comes with a default configuration for connecting Windows clients, using Samba. If you wish to change the configuration, we recommend the many how-tos on using Samba, which can be found under documentation at http://www.samba.org" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3399 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "At the time of writing, some of the software for supporting windows clients is only available from a test area at the skolelinux.no ftp server. To use it requires giving apt access to the test area and running an upgrade for the whole system. See http://http://developer.skolelinux.no/info/studentgrupper/2003-macwin-integr/index.php?page=testing for a description of how to do this. As soon as the changes have been added to the standard Skolelinux distribution, this will no longer be necessary." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3405 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Client configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3414 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "A computer running Windows is regarded as a thick client in the Skolelinux context, and thus belongs on the main network. The only thing that needs attention in the network configuration is making sure the computer is configured to receive ip address and name services via DHCP. This is how windows is configured to do by default on a new installation. If the computer has been set up with a fixed address before, this should be changed to Allocate address automatically." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3420 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Authentication, file sharing and printer sharing" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3424 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When the computer has been allocated an ip address and is able to communicate with other computers on the network, it must be configured to be able to log in on the server and get access to files and printers. This is called placing the computer in the domain. The domain is the windows part of the network, controlled by the server." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3428 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Skolelinux comes with a default windows domain called skolelinux. How you configure a windows client to be a member of this domain varies according to the windows version. Access to the home directory is set up automatically when the user logs on. The home directory will then appear as drive H: . All printers that have been added to CUPS on the server will be shared on the windows network, but not installed on the individual client. The practical reason behind this is that drivers are required for the particular printers on the local network." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3432 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Here is a short summary of what needs to be done for the various windows versions." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3437 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Windows 95" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3441 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Windows 95 and 95A don't support password encryption, and therefore are not supported by Skolelinux for security reasons." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3447 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Windows 98/ME" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3451 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "These windows versions are the easiest to place in the domain. You can do this by changing the settings for Client for Microsoft Networks under Network in the Control panel. There is an option called Logon to Windows NT-domain, which must be activated, and the domain name skolelinux entered. After rebooting, the computer will be ready to log in to Skolelinux." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3458 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Windows NT and 2000" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3462 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order to get Windows 2000 client to connect to the Skolelinux domain you need to make some adjustments to your server. (It was true for Skolelinux 0.41, it may not be necessary anymore with next releases)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3469 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "From the server side do the following:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3474 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "add deb ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/skolelinux woody-test local to /etc/apt/sources.list" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3480 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "apt-get update && apt-get install samba smbclient" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3486 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "comment out deb ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/skolelinux woody-test local in /etc/apt/sources.list" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3492 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "when logged as root do smbpasswd -w admin-passwd" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3498 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "then updated any already existing user password with smbpasswd -a userID" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3504 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "add a root user within the LDAP directory smbpasswd -a root, prompt the root password" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3511 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "From the client side do the following:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3516 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "go to System, Network Id, choose Properties, then update the properties with Domain Skolelinux" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3522 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "use the root user and password as the authorized user to add the client within the Skolelinux domain" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3541 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Windows XP Home" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3545 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Windows XP Home is a fun product that has lost an array of useful functionality, such as the ability to be placed in a domain. Microsoft has decided that a home computer does not belong in a network, and has therefore left out this possibility. Thus, Windows XP Home edition is not supported as a client in the skolelinux architecture." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3551 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Windows XP Professional" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3555 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Windows XP Professional is based on Windows 2000, and thus the procedure for placing it in the skolelinux domain is very similar to what is described above. The only difference is that XP Pro has some security settings that don't mesh with the Skolelinux configuration. These settings must be changed before the computer can be added. This can be achieved by changing local policy, but it is simpler to change to registry entries, which can be done by running a small .reg file. When these settings have been changed, the computer can be added by following the procedure for Windows 2000. The registry key in question is:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3561 #, no-c-format #. Tag: screen msgid "" "[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Netlogon\\Parameters]\n" "\"requiresignorseal\"=dword:00000000" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3568 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configuring other services" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3572 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configuring web-proxy" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3575 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To use the proxy, you must configure each webbrowser. For Internet Explorer this is done in Internet Options. For Opera, it is done in Preferences. The name of the proxy server is webcache, and the port is 3128." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3579 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Since each webbrowser has its own location for storing this information, there are no simple ways to update all the machines in the network. One method that is often used is to copy the changes via the samba login-script in the shape of a .reg file or .ini (depending on the browser)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3585 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Configuring email" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3589 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Skolelinux offers several ways to make use of the mail service. Some are more appropriate for a school network than others. Which system is chosen is under the discretion of the local administrator. In many cases, one would wish to continue an existing solution. In some cases there are regulations stipulating the pupil's access to email." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3593 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "POP is perhaps the least appropriate solution. This protocol is the most common when checking email form an ISP. POP entails downloading the message for local storage on the user's home directory before reading it using an email application. For a school network, this would mean that the email would be stored in many different locations, both on the server and the clients. Using POP would also require the email application to be configured for every single user on the clients." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3597 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "IMAP is far better suited in this context. Using IMAP will result in the email application being connected to the server continuously, and just running as an interface to look at the email, which is always in the same location, on the server. In some cases, whic will also entail configuring the email application for every single user. Some email applications can however be configured to require logging in, and thus all users can have the same configuration." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3601 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Web based email requires the least work with respect to Windows clients. All that is needed on the client side is a web browser. On the other hand, webmail can require greater effort to configure correctly on the server, but it is very easy to administer once it has been set up. At the same time, one is spared all the security problems with email applications on Windows (virii and worms exploit security holws). Even though a web interface can be very different from regular OS applications, experience has shown that young users easily understand how to use it. Many pupils will already have a private email account with a webbased interface (e.g. Hotmail, Yahoo)." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3610 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Appendices" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3615 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Upgrading - how does it work?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3619 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "There are several package handlers for Debian GNU/Linux distribution. We'll look at the workings of one of these. At the end, we'll mention some alternative package handlers." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3623 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What's most important is to understand what a package handler does and what problems it solves. A package handler keeps track of packages or programs to be loaded on the computer. These packages are made and tested for Debian so that they are installed on the machine locally. The package handler takes care of any dependencies a program might have. It also had functionality for updating the software, by downloading the latest version from the network. By using the latest version, system security is significantly increased." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3628 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Using apt-get" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3632 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Before making use of the functionality of apt-get, you have to make sure the download sites are specified correctly. This is because you download files from the Internet. The address for these files must be given in the sources.list file.This file can be fount in the path /etc/apt/sources.list. If it is not there, you must create it in an editor, and include the following data:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3636 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3640 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deb ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/debian/ woody main contrib non-free" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3644 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deb ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/debian-non-US/ woody/non-US main contrib non-free" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3648 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "deb ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/skolelinux/ woody local" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3652 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When the file sources.list is correct, it is possible to proceed to retrieving information about the packages and search in them, install packages and update installed packages. b" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3658 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Updating information on available packages" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3662 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To be able to retrieve information and metadata on the packages locally, type the following command:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3668 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3728 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3756 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "apt-get" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3673 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "update" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3680 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This leads to there being a file that is downloaded locally with information and metadata on the available packages. To search through this file, another command is used:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3686 IKT-bok.en.sgml:3704 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "apt-cache" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3691 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "search[Package name/word/topic]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3698 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This results in a list of available packages. The structure of this list is package name - information on the content of the package. One can also find dependencies on this package by using the command:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3709 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "showpkg[package name]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3718 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Package installation" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3722 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When you have found a package that you wish to install, it can be installed by the following command:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3733 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "install [package name]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3740 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It is important to get the package name is correct. Otherwise, you may download another program, or not get anything. If correct, the download and installation will go ahead." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3746 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Upgrading the system" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3750 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "To automatically upgrade all installed packages to the latest version, all that is required is to enter the following command:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3761 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "upgrade" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3768 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This may take some time, particularly if it has not been done in a while. I think that this is done by a cron daemon, so there should not be a need to do this. You can find more information in the man pages if you need to learn more about apt. There are other package handlers for Debian, but apt is the most commonly used." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3775 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Testing and feedback" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3779 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "In order for us to correct errors in the software (bugs), it is very important that it is tested by many people, and that we receive reports on the bugs discovered. Without your help, it is close to impossible for us to uncover all errors. If you find a bug, it must be reported to the error database, http://bugs.skolelinux.no as soon as possible so that we may correct it." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3784 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Guidelines for testing" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3788 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Testing is a good way to make a contribution to flawless software, as long as the people testing provide us with bugreports." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3792 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The first step on is to install the software on a computer. Check whether there any guidelines are included for the installation of the program before you begin, and follow them if that's the case. If you are not able to install the software, try again. If things come to a halt, check if newer installation guidelines are available and follow this. Maybe you made a wrong selection somewhere? If not, report to the error database according to the guidelines below." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3796 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now that the software is installed, it is time to start testing it. Just start the program, and see if it works normally. Configure the program if needed, and see if it functions normally. If errors arise, see if they are reproducible. If that's the case, report the bug to the error database in accordance with the guidelines given below." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3802 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "What should a quality bug report include?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3806 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Bugreports are a tool for quality assurance and improvement of software. If the bugreports are faulty, they may be ignored by the developers because the information in the report is to tangled an inspecific. A useful bugreport had two main qualities: reproducibility and specificity." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3810 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If the error is not reproducible, it's difficult for the developer to find the error, and thus to correct it. It's important to include all relevant details about the error, or it may be given a low priority." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3814 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Well specified bugreports makes homing in on an error easier. Please take the time to isolate the specific circumstances that triggered the error. If appropriate, include the source code that caused the error." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3820 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "How to repport errors" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3824 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "All bugreports that should go to Skolelinux, are reported using the webpage http://bugs.skolelinux.no. (It is possible that some errors should be reported to others. These links are listed on this page. Report the error to Skolelinux if you are unsure where it should be reported). The Skollinux uses the bugreport system Bugzilla, which is a database where it is possible to search for reports and add new reports. The following is a description of the procedure:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3828 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "has the bug been reported already?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3832 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Before you submit a new bugreport, you must check if this error has been registered before at http://bugs.skolelinux.no. Duplicating earlier bugreports is of no help.It is quicker to search through the database than to write a bugreport, so it pays to check if the error has already been registered. It is also possible that it has been fixed, but you don't have the latest version, or it is being tested." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3836 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you do find that the error you identified has been registred before, don't report it again, but read through the bugreport and add your comment to it." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3840 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "How to check whether the bug has been reported already" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3844 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "From the main page, follow the link ``Query existing bug reports'' and write a query in line with the error you detected. If you're unsure about how to write a query, follow the guidelines under clue at the top of the page." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3848 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Submitting a new bug report" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3852 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "From the main page, follow the link ``Enter a new bug report'' log in using your email address and password." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3856 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you don't have an account, you click on the link at the bottom of the page and follow the guidelines for creating an account. In order to report bugs, you need an account, so that you may receive feedback on the handling of the error." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3860 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now that you're logged in, all that remains is to fill in the bugreport form, as described below." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3864 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Where was the error found?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3868 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The first fields deals with where the error was discovered, you must enter:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3874 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Version:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3879 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Which version of the distribution you have installed." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3886 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Component:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3891 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What part of the system the error arose in." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3898 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Platform:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3903 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What platform" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3910 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "OS:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3915 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Operating system, probably Linux" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3922 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "How important is the error?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3926 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This concerns the prioritization of bugs with regard to what is critical for the system. If a function in a little-used program does not work, it should be reported with a low priority. A serious error in a commonly used program is given a high priority." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3932 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Resolution_Priority:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3937 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Grade the error on a scale form P1 to P5, P1 being least critical. P2 is a normal grade." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3944 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Severity:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3949 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Concerns the critical condition of the error. Is it a major bug, or a trivial mistake?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3956 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Who is going to follow up on this error?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3960 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "It is possible to state who is going to follow up on the bug and send a copy of the bugreport to any other interested parties." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3966 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Assigned_To:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3971 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Here it is possible to enter a developer responsible for fixing the error, or leave it blank, assigned to ``default'' ``components''." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3978 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Cc:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3983 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If you wish to give a copy of the error to someone else, fill in their email address here." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3990 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What else can you tell the developer about the error?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:3994 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "This is where the true bugreport is written so that the developer understands how to find the error. Some possible points of departure are included below:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4000 #, no-c-format #. Tag: term msgid "Summary:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4005 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Is a short description of the error, about 60 characters or less. Consider the 'summary'-field as akin to the subject field in an email." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4017 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Here the bugreport should be written as described in What should a quality bugreport include?. Here are some points to consider:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4026 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "High level description of the error as you see it." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4032 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What steps are needed to reproduce the error?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4038 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The result of the error. What is happening?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4044 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The expected result. What were you expecting to happen instead of the error?" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4050 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What version of the package is used? Use 'dpkg -S '/full/path/to/the/program#62;' to find out about the package in question. Then 'dpkg -l 'package name'' to see the version." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4056 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "What package versions are used by the problematic package? Use 'bugreport -p 'pakcage name'', and answer the questions. A template is written just befire the program is finished, which is a starting point for a bugreport." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4062 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Additional information, if any." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4068 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "When you're done filling in everything, doublecheck if all information has been entered correctly. Then click Commit and your bugreport will be registered in the Skolelinux Bugzilla database." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4074 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Feedback on reported errors" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4078 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Normally, feedback is provided by developers concerning the error. It is possible that a developer will get in touch with the submitter if more information is needed, or if the submitter wishes to test the new version and see if the error has been corrected. Therefore, it's important that the submitter registers a functioning email address, and regularly reads email sent to this address." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4085 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Opera without advertising" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4089 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Skolelinux has been given a special version of the Opera webbrowser, where the advertisement banner may be changed. This is done by editing '/etc/opera6rc.fixed'. The following fields should be enterd." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4093 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "[brand]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4097 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Branded Banner URL=" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4101 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Banner Path='image path'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4105 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Banner HomePage='URL'" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4109 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "'Banner Path' is the path for a local file or URL to an external file which has to be an image (468x60 pikxles) to be displayed in the advertisement field in Opera. 'Banner HomePage' is the URL that Opera should fetch when this field is clicked on." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4115 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "The choices made by the automatic installation" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4119 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select tasks to install. (Navigate using the arrow keys. Select Norwegian primay school: common, Norwegian primay school: server and Norwegian primay school: server for thin clients with space so that there is a * for each of these. If you deviate from the choices we've made, your installation will be different.) Finish." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4125 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Debian System Configuration. No. (Don't run dselect.)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4131 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "(The installation starts and you whish to continue the installation) [Enter],[Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4137 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configure Xaw3dg. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4143 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Binutils. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4149 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Less. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4155 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Location. C. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4161 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Nfs-common. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4167 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4173 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Ssh. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4179 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Ssh. Yes. Configuring Abiword-common. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4185 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4197 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4209 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4221 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Apt-listchanges. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4191 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Apt-listchanges. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4203 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Apt-listchanges. Pager. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4215 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Apt-listchanges. Root. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4227 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Auctex. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4233 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Paper Size Configuration. A4. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4239 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4245 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4251 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4257 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. Web. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4263 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. /var/www/calamaris/daily.html. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4269 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. Squid daily. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4275 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. /var/www/calamaris/weekly.html. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4281 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. Squid weekly. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4287 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. /var/www/calamaris/monthly.html. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4293 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Calamaris. Squid monthly. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4299 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "OpenLdap configuration. Auto. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4305 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "OpenLdap configuration. Domain or host. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4311 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "OpenLdap configuration. (The name you gave your computer). Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4317 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "OpenLdap configuration. (Type a password as for ldap) Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4323 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "OpenLdap configuration. (Confirm the password) Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4329 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "OpenLdap configuration. No Configuring Courier-base. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4335 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Foomatic Printerfilter Configuration. Parse. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4341 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Foomatic Printerfilter Configuration. A2ps. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4347 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Cvs. /var/lib/cvs. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4353 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Cvs. create. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4359 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Cvs. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4365 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4371 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4389 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "fetchmail-common. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4377 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "fetchmail-common. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4383 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "fetchmail-common. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4395 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Mozilla-browser. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4401 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Gnuplot. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4407 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Norwegian. Bokmaal. Ok. (We have chosen bokmaal, don't think there's any difference to the installation if nynorsk is chosen.)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4413 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4419 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4425 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Kdm. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4431 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Limacute. /var/www/limacute/. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4437 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Limacute. o=linpro,c=no. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4443 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Limacute. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4449 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4455 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Localeconf. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4461 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Localeconf. (Don't choose anything here). Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4467 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Ltsp-core-i386. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4473 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Mailman-limacute. my.web.server. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4479 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Ntp-simple. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4485 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Ntp-simple. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4491 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Samba Server. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4497 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Samba Server. (Enter)Work group. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4503 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Samba Server. Yes. (We want an encrypted password)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4509 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Samba Server. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4515 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Samba Server. Deamons. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4521 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Samba Server. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4527 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libnss-ldap. 127.0.0.1 Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4533 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libnss-ldap. dc=example,dc=net Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4539 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libnss-ldap. 3 Ok. (Ldap version 3 should be used)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4545 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4551 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libnss-ldap. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4557 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libnss-ldap. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4563 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libpam-ldap. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4569 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libpam-ldap. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4575 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libpam-ldap. cn=manager,dc=example,dc=net Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4581 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libpam-ldap.(Type a administrator/root password) Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4587 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libpam-ldap. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4593 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Libpam-ldap. crypt Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4599 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Webmin. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4605 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Webmin. (Type the name of your computer, probably filled in already) Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4611 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-common. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4617 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4629 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4803 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. Yes." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4623 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Choose your video card). Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4635 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. xfree86 Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4641 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4659 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4665 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4647 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Enter your keyboard model, standard pc104, possibly you are using somethin else). Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4653 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Enter) no Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4671 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Select mouse-port. /dev/psaux is most common as PS/2 port, /dev/tts/0 for com1, and /dev/tts/1 for com2.) Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4677 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Select type of mouse, PS/2 works normally if you use this.) Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4683 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. No. (Unless you have and LCD monitor)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4689 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. Simple. Ok. (You may choose others, but at your own risk)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4695 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Choose your display dimensions). Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4701 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Set your desired resolution, using space) Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4707 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. (Set the desired color depth.) Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4713 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Cupsys-bsd. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4719 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4725 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xawtv. No." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4731 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Webalizer. /var/www/webalizer Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4737 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Webalizer. (Add a name to the report to be generated.) Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4743 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "(Concerning dictionaries, type ) 2, [Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4749 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Locales. (Use the arrow keys and select nn_NO and no_NO, with space) Ok." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4755 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "(Question on dictionary,type) 1, [Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4761 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4767 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "(Question about dictionary, type) 1, [Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4773 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "(Question about dictionary, type) 7, [Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4779 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "(Run the apacheconfig script? N[Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4785 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "(LDAP support for php4, must add extension=ldap.so). Answer Y[Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4791 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Limacute. No" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4797 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Localeconf. No" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4809 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Configuring Xserver-xfree86. Yes" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4815 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Do you want to erase previously downloaded .deb files? (Answer) Yes[enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4821 IKT-bok.en.sgml:4827 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Type [Enter]" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4833 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "You must choose one of the options below. 5 is selected. No configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4839 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Debian system Configuration. Ok" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4848 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Mail configuration" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4852 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "If the firewall allows it, the fileserver can be used as a mailserver. To achieve this, some manual steps must be taken:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4858 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Add domain name in /etc/exim/exim.conf. This results in mail that is not meant for the domain being rejected: Find the line starting with local_domains:, the full line is probably: local_domains = postoffice.intern:intern.intern:tjener.intern:localhost" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4864 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Add the domain you will be using, e.g. testschool.skolelinux.no. The full line will then read: local_domains = postoffice.intern:intern.intern:tjener.intern:localhost:testschool.skolelinux.no" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4870 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Save the file, and if the domain is properly configured, \"user@testschool.skolelinux.no\" will be working." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4876 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "So mail will now be stored on the server. The next step is for the users to get hold of it." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4881 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Start Kmail from the menu. (K -> Internet -> KMail)" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4888 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Choose Settings -> Configure KMail" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4894 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Add the right E-mail address under Identity, e.g. \"user@testskool.skolelinux.no\"" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4900 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select Network -> Add" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4906 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Under account type, select IMAP" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4912 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter a name for the account, (this is the how the account identifies itself in your email application, e.g. \"testschool\")" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4918 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter username for the account (this is the username that will be sent to the mailserver, e.g. \"user\")" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4924 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Enter the password, which is the same as the user's password for logging in." msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4930 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Host should be \"postoffice\"" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4936 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Click on Save the password in the configuration file" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4942 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Now the user should be able to receive mail. In order to send mail, no changes should be necessary, but for the time being, the user must enter the following in KMail:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4947 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Settings -> Configure KMail" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4959 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Select SMTP, server postoffice and port 25" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4965 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "The fileserver must be changed to allow forwarding of mail from the internal network:" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4971 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Find the line staring with host_accept_relay. The full line is probably: host_accept_relay = LOCALHOST" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4977 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "Add :*.intern, so that the line will be this: host_accept_relay = LOCALHOST:*.intern" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4988 #, no-c-format #. Tag: title msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4992 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "http://bugs.skolelinux.no/" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:4996 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "http://bugs.skolelinux.no/queryhelp.cgi" msgstr "" #: IKT-bok.en.sgml:5000 #, no-c-format #. Tag: para msgid "http://bugs.skolelinux.no/bugwritinghelp.html" msgstr ""